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Features
* Incorporates the ARM7TDMITM ARM(R) Thumb(R) Processor Core
- High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture - High-density 16-bit Instruction Set - Leader in MIPS/Watt - Embedded ICE (In-circuit Emulation) 8K Bytes On-chip SRAM - 32-bit Data Bus, Single-clock Cycle Access 1M Words 16-bit Flash Memory (16 Mbits) - Single Voltage Read/Write, 110 ns Access Time - Sector Erase Architecture - Fast Word Program Time of 20 s; Fast Sector Erase Time of 200 ms - Dual-plane Organization Allows Concurrent Read and Program/Erase - Erase Suspend Capability - Low-power Operation: 25 mA Active - 10 A Standby - Data Polling, Toggle Bit and Ready/Busy End of Program Cycle Detection - Reset Input for Device Initialization - Sector Program Unlock Command - Factory-programmed AT91 Flash Uploader Software Fully-programmable External Bus Interface (EBI) - Maximum External Address Space of 64M Bytes - 8 Chip Selects, Software-programmable 8/16-bit External Data Bus 8-level Priority, Individually Maskable, Vectored Interrupt Controller - 4 External Interrupts, Including a High-priority Low-latency Interrupt Request 32 Programmable I/O Lines 3-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter - 3 External Clock Inputs - 2 Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel 2 USARTs - 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per USART Programmable Watchdog Timer Advanced Power-saving Features - CPU and Peripherals Can Be Deactivated Individually Fully Static Operation: - 0 Hz to 40 MHz Internal Frequency Range at 3.0V, 85C 2.7V to 3.6V Operating Range -40C to 85C Temperature Range Available in a 120-ball BGA Package
* *
AT91 ARM(R) Thumb(R) Microcontrollers AT91F40816
* * * * * * * * * * *
Description
The AT91F40816 is a member of the Atmel AT91 16/32-bit microcontroller family, which is based on the ARM7TDMI processor core. The processor has a high-performance 32-bit RISC architecture with a high-density 16-bit instruction set and very low power consumption. In addition, a large number of internally banked registers result in very fast exception handling, making the device ideal for real-time control applications. The eight-level priority-vectored interrupt controller, together with the Peripheral Data Controller, significantly enhance real-time device performance. By combining the microcontroller, featuring on-chip SRAM and a wide range of peripheral functions, with 16 Mbits of Flash memory in a single compact 120-ball BGA package, the Atmel AT91F40816 provides a powerful, flexible and cost-effective solution to many compute-intensive embedded control applications and offers significant board size reductions. The Flash memory may be programmed via the JTAG/ICE interface or the factory-programmed Flash Uploader using a single device supply, making the AT91F40816 ideal for in-system programmable applications.
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Pin Configuration
Figure 1. AT91F40816 Pinout (Top View)
K J H G F E D C B A
1 GND P26 NCS2 NCS0 TCK TDO P25 MCKO MCKI P22 RXD1 P21/TXD1 GND NTRI 2 P27 NCS3 A0 NLB NCS1 NWAIT TDI VDD GND VDD P18 P20 SCK1 P15 RXD0 P11 IRQ2 P8 TIOB2 P5 TIOB1 P4 TIOA1 VDD 3 TMS P24 BMS NWODVF NWR1 NUB P13 SCK0 P17 P16 P19 4 VDD P23 NRST P12 FIQ P9 IRQ0 P6 TCLK2 P0 TCLK0 P14 TXD0 5 GND P10 IRQ1 GND VDD 6 VDD GND P30/A22 CS5 P7 TIOA2 7 GND P29/A21 P31/A23 CS6 CS4 P3 TCLK1 8 A1 GND VDD VDD GND P2 TIOB0 9 NCSF NRD NOE VDD GND VDD A2 10 GND D0 D8 P1 TIOA0 A3 A4 11 D2 D9 D1 A5 A6 A7 12 D11 D3 D10 A8 A18 VPP 13 D5 D12 D4 A19 P28/A20 NBUSY CS7 14 D14 VDD NC D6 GND VDD NRSTF NWR0 NWE A9 A10 15 GND D15 D7 NC D13 GND A11 A12 A13 VDD 16 VDD A17 GND VDD NC NC A14 A16 A15 GND
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Pin Description
Table 1. AT91F40816 Pin Description
Module Name A0 - A23 D0 - D15 NCS0 - NCS3 CS4 - CS7 NWR0 NWR1 EBI NRD NWE NOE NUB NLB NWAIT BMS Boot Mode Select FIQ AIC IRQ0 - IRQ2 TCLK0 - TCLK2 Timer TIOA0 - TIOA2 TIOB0 - TIOB2 SCK0 - SCK1 USART TXD0 - TXD1 RXD0 - RXD1 PIO WD Clock MCKO NRST Reset NTRI TMS TDI ICE TDO TCK Test Data Output Test Clock Output Input - - Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up Tri-state Mode Select Test Mode Select Test Data Input Input Input Input Low - - Sampled during reset Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up Master Clock Output Hardware Reset Input Output Input - Low Schmidt trigger P0 - P31 NWDOVF MCKI External Interrupt Request Timer External Clock Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin A Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin B External Serial Clock Transmit Data Output Receive Data Input Parallel IO Line Watchdog Overflow Master Clock Input Input Input I/O I/O I/O Output Input I/O Output Input - - - - - - - - Low - Open drain Schmidt trigger PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset PIO-controlled after reset Fast Interrupt Request Input - Function Address Bus Data Bus External Chip Select External Chip Select Lower Byte 0 Write Signal Upper Byte 1 Write Signal Read Signal Write Enable Output Enable Upper Byte Select Lower Byte Select Wait Input Type Output I/O Output Output Output Output Output Output Output Output Output Input Input Active Level - - Low High Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low - Sampled during reset; must be driven low during reset for Flash to be used as boot memory PIO-controlled after reset Used to select external devices A23 - A20 after reset Used in Byte Write option Used in Byte Write option Used in Byte Write option Used in Byte Select option Used in Byte Select option Used in Byte Select option Used in Byte Select option Comments Valid after reset; do not reprogram A20 to I/O, as it is MSB of Flash address
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Table 1. AT91F40816 Pin Description (Continued)
Module Flash Memory Name NCSF NBUSY NRSTF VDD GND Power VPP Faster Program/Erase Voltage Power - See AT49BV/LV1604(T) 16-megabit (1M x 16/2M x 8) 3-volt Only Flash Memory Datasheet Function Flash Memory Select Flash Memory Busy Output Flash Memory Reset Input Power Ground Type Input Output Input Power Ground Active Level Low Low Low - - Comments Enables Flash Memory when pulled low Flash RDY/BUSY signal; open-drain Resets Flash to standard operating mode All VDD and all GND pins MUST be connected to their respective supplies by the shortest route
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RAM 8K Bytes NRST Reset ASB Controller Clock AMBA Bridge P12/FIQ P9/IRQ0 P10/IRQ1 P11/IRQ2 P13/SCK0 P14/TXD0 P15/RXD0 P20/SCK1 P21/TXD1/NTRI P22/RXD1 P16 P17 P18 P19 P23 P24/BMS P I O AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller APB USART0 2 PDC Channels
EBI: External Bus Interface
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TMS TDO TDI TCK VDD GND
Figure 2. AT91F40816
Block Diagram
Embedded ICE
ARM7TDMI Core
D0 - D15 D0-D15 ASB A1 - A20 A1-A19 A0/NLB
MCKI P25/MCKO
NWR1/NUB NWAIT NCS0 NCS1 NRD/NOE NWR0/NWE P26/NCS2 P27/NCS3 P28/A20/CS7 P29/A21/CS6 P30/A22/CS5 P31/A23/CS4
EBI User Interface
OE
WE GND VPP VCC VCCQ BYTE RESET RDY/BUSY CE GND VPP VDD VDD VDD NRSTF NBUSY NCSF
MCU
AT91M40800
P I O
FLASH MEMORY
AT49BV1604/1614
USART1
2 PDC Channels
PS: Power Saving
TC: Timer Counter TC0 TC1
Chip ID
NWDOVF
WD: Watchdog Timer PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
TC2
P0/TCLK0 P3/TCLK1 P6/TCLK2 P1/TIOA0 P2/TIOB0 P4/TIOA1 P5/TIOB1 P7/TIOA2 P8/TIOB2
AT91F40816
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Architectural Overview
The AT91F40816 integrates Atmel's AT91M40800 ARM Thumb Microcontroller and an AT49BV1604/1614 16 Mbits, 2.7-Volt Read and 2.7-Volt Byte-Write Sectored Flash memory die in a single compact 120-ball BGA device. The address, data and control signals, except the Flash memory enable, are internally interconnected. The architecture consists of two main buses, the Advanced System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). Designed for maximum performance and controlled by the memory controller, the ASB interfaces the ARM7TDMI processor with the on-chip 32-bit memories, the External Bus Interface (EBI) and the AMBATM Bridge. The AMBA Bridge drives the APB, which is designed for accesses to on-chip peripherals and optimized for low power consumption. The AT91F40816 implements the ICE port of the ARM7TDMI processor on dedicated pins, offering a complete, low-cost and easy-to-use debug solution for target debugging.
Memories
The AT91F40816 embeds 8K bytes of internal SRAM. The internal memory is directly connected to the 32-bit data bus and is single-cycle accessible. The AT91F40816 features an External Bus Interface (EBI), which enables connection of external memories and application-specific peripherals. The EBI supports 8- or 16-bit devices and can use two 8-bit devices to emulate a single 16-bit device. The EBI implements the early read protocol, enabling faster memory accesses than standard memory interfaces. The AT91F40816 embeds a Flash memory organized as 1M 16-bit words, accessed via the EBI. Its main function is as a program memory. A 16-bit Thumb instruction can be loaded from Flash memory in a single access. Separate MCU and Flash memory Reset inputs (NRST and NRSTF) are provided for maximum flexibility. The user is thus free to conform the reset operation to the application. The AT91F40816 integrates resident boot software called AT91 Flash Uploader software. The AT91 Flash Uploader software is able to upload program application software into its Flash memory.
Peripherals
The AT91F40816 integrates several peripherals, which are classified as system or user peripherals. All on-chip peripherals are 32-bit accessible by the AMBA Bridge, and can be programmed with a minimum number of instructions. The peripheral register set is composed of control, mode, data, status and enable/disable/status registers. An on-chip Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the on-chip USARTs and on- and off-chip memories address space without processor intervention. Most importantly, the PDC removes the processor interrupt handling overhead, making it possible to transfer up to 64K continuous bytes without reprogramming the start address, thus increasing the performance of the microcontroller, and reducing the power consumption.
System Peripherals
The External Bus Interface (EBI) controls the external memory or peripheral devices via an 8or 16-bit databus and is programmed through the APB. Each chip-select line has its own programming register. The Power-saving (PS) module implements the Idle mode (ARM7TDMI core clock stopped until the next interrupt) and enables the user to adapt the power consumption of the microcontroller to application requirements (independent peripheral clock control). The Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) controls the internal sources from the internal peripherals and the four external interrupt lines (including the FIQ) to provide an interrupt and/or fast interrupt request to the ARM7TDMI. It integrates an 8-level priority controller, and using the Auto-vectoring feature, reduces the interrupt latency time.
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The Parallel Input/Output Controller (PIO) controls up to 32 I/O lines. It enables the user to select specific pins for on-chip peripheral input/output functions, and general-purpose input/output signal pins. The PIO controller can be programmed to detect an interrupt on a signal change from each line. The Watchdog (WD) can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. The Special Function (SF) module integrates the Chip ID, the Reset Status and the Protect registers. User Peripherals Two USARTs, independently configurable, enable communication at a high baud rate in synchronous or asynchronous mode. The format includes start, stop and parity bits and up to 8 data bits. Each USART also features a Time-out and a Time-guard register, facilitating the use of the two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) channels. The 3-channel, 16-bit Timer Counter (TC) is highly-programmable and supports capture or waveform modes. Each TC channel can be programmed to measure or generate different kinds of waves, and can detect and control two input/output signals. The TC has also 3 external clock signals.
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Associated Documentation
Table 2. Associated Documentation
Product Information Internal architecture of processor ARM/Thumb instruction sets Embedded in-circuit-emulator External memory interface mapping Peripheral operations Peripheral user interfaces AT91F40816 DC characteristics Power consumption Thermal and reliability considerations AC characteristics Product overview Ordering information Packaging information Soldering profile Document Title ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
AT91x40 Series Datasheet
AT91M40800 Electrical Characteristics
AT91F40816 Summary Datasheet (this document)
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Product Overview
Power Supply Input/Output Considerations
The AT91F40816 has a single type of power supply pin, VDD. The VDD pin supplies the I/O pads and the core. The supported voltage range on VDD is 2.7V to 3.6V. The AT91F40816 I/O pads are 5V-tolerant except for the EBI Data Bus (D0 - D15). This enables the PIO pads to interface with external 5V devices without any additional components. After the reset, the microcontroller peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maximum flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the microcontroller be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power consumption.
Master Clock
The AT91F40816 has a fully static design and works on the Master Clock (MCK), provided on the MCKI pin from an external source. The Master Clock is also provided as an output of the device on the pin MCKO, which is multiplexed with a general-purpose I/O line. While NRST is active, MCKO remains low. After the reset, the MCKO is valid and outputs an image of the MCK signal. The PIO Controller must be programmed to use this pin as standard I/O line.
Reset
Reset restores the default states of the user interface registers (defined in the user interface of each peripheral), and forces the ARM7TDMI to perform the next instruction fetch from address zero. Except for the program counter the ARM7TDMI registers do not have defined reset states. NRST is active low-level input. It is asserted asynchronously, but exit from reset is synchronized internally to the MCK. The signal presented on MCKI must be active within the specification for a minimum of 10 clock cycles up to the rising edge of NRST, to ensure correct operation. The first processor fetch occurs 80 clock cycles after the rising edge of NRST.
NRST Pin
Watchdog Reset
The watchdog can be programmed to generate an internal reset. In this case, the reset has the same effect as the NRST pin assertion, but the pins BMS and NTRI are not sampled. Boot mode and Tri-state mode are not updated. If the NRST pin is asserted and the watchdog triggers the internal reset, the NRST pin has priority.
Emulation Functions
Tri-state Mode The AT91F40816 provides a Tri-state mode, which is used for debug purposes in order to connect an emulator probe to an application board. In Tri-state mode, all the output pin drivers of the microcontroller are disabled. This feature can also be used to program the embedded Flash within a standard NVM programmer. To enter Tri-state mode, the pin NTRI must be held low during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of NRST. For normal operation, the pin NTRI must be held high during reset, by a resistor of up to 400K Ohm. NTRI is multiplexed with I/O line P21 and USART1 serial data transmit line TXD1.
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Standard RS232 drivers generally contain internal 400K Ohm pull-up resistors. If TXD1 is connected to a device not including this pull-up, the user must make sure that a high level is tied on NTRI while NRST is asserted. JTAG/ICE Debug ARM standard embedded In-circuit emulation is supported via the JTAG/ICE port. The pins TDI, TDO, TCK and TMS are dedicated to this debug function and can be connected to a host computer via the external ICE interface. In ICE Debug mode, the ARM7TDMI core responds with a non-JTAG chip ID that identifies the microcontroller. This is not fully IEEE1149.1 compliant.
Memory Controller
The ARM7TDMI processor address space is 4G bytes. The memory controller decodes the internal 32-bit address bus and defines three address spaces: * * * Internal memories in the four lowest megabytes Middle space reserved for the external devices (memory or peripherals) controlled by the EBI Internal peripherals in the four highest megabytes
In any of these address spaces, the ARM7TDMI operates in Little-Endian mode only. Internal Memories The AT91F40816 integrates 8K bytes of primary internal SRAM that is 32 bits wide and singleclock cycle accessible. This SRAM is mapped at address 0x0 (after the remap command), allowing ARM7TDMI exception vectors between 0x0 and 0x20 to be modified by the software. The rest of the SRAM can be used for stack allocation (to speed up context saving and restoring), or as data and program storage for critical algorithms. Byte (8-bit), half-word (16-bit) or word (32-bit) accesses are supported and are executed within one cycle. Fetching Thumb or ARM instructions is supported and internal memory can store twice as many Thumb instructions as ARM ones. The AT91F40816 also integrates a 2-Mbyte Flash memory that is accessed via the External Bus Interface. All data, address and control lines, except for the Chip Select signal, are connected within the device. Byte and half-word accesses are supported. Boot Mode Select The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. This means that this address must be mapped in nonvolatile memory after the reset. The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of the NRST selects the type of boot memory (see Table 3). If the embedded Flash memory is to be used as boot memory, the BMS input must be pulled down externally. The pin BMS is multiplexed with the I/O line P24 that can be programmed after reset like any standard PIO line. Table 3. Boot Mode Select
BMS 1 0 Boot Memory External 8-bit memory on NCS0 External 16-bit memory on NCS0
Remap Command
The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction, Interrupt, Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. In order to allow these vectors to be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91F40816 uses a remap command that enables switching between the boot memory and the internal primary SRAM addresses. The remap command is accessible through the EBI User Interface by writing one in RCB of
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EBI_RCR (Remap Control Register). Performing a remap command is mandatory if access to the other external devices (connected to chip-selects 1 to 7) is required. The remap operation can only be changed back by an internal reset or an NRST assertion. Abort Control The abort signal providing a Data Abort or a Prefetch Abort exception to the ARM7TDMI is asserted when accessing an undefined address in the EBI address space. No abort is generated when reading the internal memory or by accessing the internal peripherals, whether the address is defined or not. External Bus Interface The External Bus Interface handles the accesses between addresses 0x0040 0000 and 0xFFC0 0000. It generates the signals that control access to the external devices, and can be configured from eight 1-Mbyte banks up to four 16-Mbyte banks. It supports byte, half-word and word aligned accesses. For each of these banks, the user can program: * * * * Number of wait states Number of data float times (wait time after the access is finished to prevent any bus contention in case the device is too long in releasing the bus) Data bus-width (8-bit or 16-bit). With a 16-bit wide data bus, the user can program the EBI to control one 16-bit device (Byte Access Select mode) or two 8-bit devices in parallel that emulate a 16-bit memory (Byte Write Access Mode).
The External Bus Interface features also the Early Read Protocol, configurable for all the devices, that significantly reduces access time requirements on an external device in the case of single-clock cycle access. In the AT91F40816, the External Bus Interface connects internally to the Flash memory. Flash Memory The 16M-bit Flash memory is organized as 1,048,576 16-bit words. The Flash memory is addressed as 16-bit words via the EBI. It uses address lines A1 to A20. Address line A20 must not be reprogrammed as an I/O pin or as a chip select, as it is the most significant bit of the Flash memory address. The address, data and control signals, except the Flash memory enable, are internally interconnected. The user should connect the Flash memory enable (NCSF) to one of the activelow chip selects on the EBI. NCS0 must be used if the Flash memory is to be the boot memory. In addition, if the Flash memory is to be used as boot memory, the BMS input must be pulled down externally in order for the processor to perform correct 16-bit fetches after reset. During boot, the EBI must be configured with correct number of standard wait states. For example, five standard wait states are required when the microcontroller is running at 40 MHz. The user must ensure that all VDD and all GND pins are connected to their respective supplies by the shortest route. The Flash memory powers-on in the read mode. Command sequences are used to place the device in other operating modes, such as program and erase. A separate Flash memory reset input pin (NRSTF) is provided for maximum flexibility, enabling the reset operation to adapt to the application. When this input is at a logic high-level, the memory is in its standard operating mode; a low-level on this input halts the current memory operation and puts its outputs in a high impedance state. The Flash memory features data polling to detect the end of a program cycle. While a program cycle is in progress, an attempted read of the last word written returns the complement of the written data on I/O7. An open-drain NBUSY output pin provides another method of detecting
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the end of a program or erase cycle. This pin is pulled low while program and erase cycles are in progress, and it is released at the completion of the cycle. A toggle bit feature provides a third means of detecting the end of a program or erase cycle. The Flash memory is segmented into two memory planes. Reads from one memory plane may be performed even while program or erase functions are being executed in the other memory plane. This feature enhances performance by not requiring the system to wait for a program or erase cycle to complete before a read may be performed. The Flash memory is divided into 40 sectors for erase operations. To further enhance device flexibility, an Erase Suspend feature is offered. This feature puts the erase cycle on hold for an indefinite period and allows the user to read data from, or to write data to, any other sector within the same memory plane. There is no need to suspend an erase cycle if the data to be read is in the other memory plane. The device has the capability to protect data stored in any sector. Once the data protection for a sector is enabled, the data in that sector cannot be changed while input levels lie between ground and VDD. An op tio n a l V PP p in is a va ila b le to e n h a nc e th e p r o g ra m/ er a se time s. S ee th e AT49BV1604(T)/1614(T) "16 Mbits, 2.7-Volt Read and 2.7-Volt Byte-Write Sectored Flash" datasheet for further detail. A 6-byte command sequence (Bypass Unlock) allows the device to be written to directly, using single pulses on the write control lines. This mode (Single Pulse Programming) is exited by powering down the device or by pulsing the NRSTF pin low for a minimum of 50 ns and then bringing it back to VDD. The following hardware features protect against inadvertent programming of the Flash memory. * * * * VDD Sense - if VDD is below 1.8V (typical), the program function is inhibited VDD Power-on Delay - once VDD has reached the VDD sense level, the device automatically times out 10 ms (typically) before programming Program Inhibit - holding any one of OE low, CE high or WE high inhibits program cycles Noise Filter - pulses of less than 15 ns (typical) on the WE or CE inputs do not initiate a program cycle
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AT91 Flash Uploader Software
All Flash-based AT91 devices are delivered with a factory-programmed software called the AT91 Flash Uploader, which resides in the first sector of the embedded Flash. The Flash Uploader allows programming to the embedded flash through a serial port. Either of the onchip USARTs can be used by the Flash Uploader. Figure 3. Flash Uploader
Target System AT91F40816
Embedded Flash
NCSF
AT91M40800
NCS0
Programming System
USART0 RS232 Driver USART1 Serial Port
Flash Uploader Operations
The Flash Uploader requires NCS0 to be connected to NCSF and a valid clock to be applied to MCKI. The chip select line loop allows the ARM Core to boot from the embedded Flash when the reset is de-asserted. Next, the Flash Uploader immediately recopies itself in the internal SRAM and jumps into it. The following operation requires this memory resource only. External accesses are performed only to program the Flash. When starting, PIO input change interrupts are initialized on the RXD lines of both USARTs. When an interrupt occurs, a Timer Counter channel is started. When the next input change is detected on the RXD line, the Timer Counter channel is stopped. This is how the first character length is measured and the USART can be initiated by taking into account the ratio between the device master clock speed and the actual communication baud rate speed. The Programming System, then, can send commands and data following a proprietary protocol for the Flash device to be programmed. It is up to the Programming System to erase and program the first sector of the Flash lastly, in order to reduce, at a minimum, the risk that the Flash Uploader is erased and the power supply shuts down. In the event that the Flash Uploader is erased from the first sector while the new final application is not yet programmed, and while the target system power supply is switched off, it would lead to a non-recoverable error and the AT91F40816 could not be re-programmed by using the Flash Uploader.
Programming System
Atmel provides a free Host Loader that runs on an IBM compatible PC under Windows(R)95 or Windows (R)98 operating system. It can be downloaded from the Atmel web site and requires only a serial cable to connect the Host to the Target.
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Communications can be selected on either COM1 or COM2 and the serial link speed is limited to 115200 bauds. Because the serial link is the bottleneck in this configuration, the Flash programming lasts 110 seconds per Mbytes. Programming time can be reached by using a faster programming system. An EB40 (AT91 Evaluation Board for the x40 Series Microcontroller) is capable of running a serial link at up to 500 Kbits/sec and can match the fastest programming allowed by the Flash, for example, about 40 seconds per Mbyte when the word programming becomes the bottleneck.
Peripherals
The AT91F40816 peripherals are connected to the 32-bit wide Advanced Peripheral Bus. Peripheral registers are only word accessible. Byte and half-word accesses are not supported. If a byte or a half-word access is attempted, the memory controller automatically masks the lowest address bits and generates an word access. Each peripheral has a 16-Kbyte address space allocated (the AIC only has a 4-Kbyte address space).
Peripheral Registers
The following registers are common to all peripherals: * Control Register - write only register that triggers a command when a one is written to the corresponding position at the appropriate address. Writing a zero has no effect. * Mode Register - read/write register that defines the configuration of the peripheral. Usually has a value of 0x0 after a reset. * Data Registers - read and/or write register that enables the exchange of data between the processor and the peripheral. * Status Register - read only register that returns the status of the peripheral. * Enable/Disable/Status Registers - shadow command registers. Writing a one in the Enable Register sets the corresponding bit in the Status Register. Writing a one in the Disable Register resets the corresponding bit and the result can be read in the Status Register. Writing a bit to zero has no effect. This register access method maximizes the efficiency of bit manipulation, and enables modification of a register with a single non-interruptible instruction, replacing the costly read-modify-write operation. Unused bits in the peripheral registers must be written at 0 for upward compatibility. These bits read 0.
Peripheral Interrupt Control
The Interrupt Control of each peripheral is controlled from the status register using the interrupt mask. The status register bits are ANDed to their corresponding interrupt mask bits and the result is then ORed to generate the Interrupt Source signal to the Advanced Interrupt Controller. The interrupt mask is read in the Interrupt Mask Register and is modified with the Interrupt Enable Register and the Interrupt Disable Register. The enable/disable/status (or mask) makes it possible to enable or disable peripheral interrupt sources with a non-interruptible single instruction. This eliminates the need for interrupt masking at the AIC or Core level in realtime and multi-tasking systems.
Peripheral Data Controller
The AT91F40816 has a 4-channel PDC dedicated to the two on-chip USARTs. One PDC channel is dedicated to the receiver and one to the transmitter of each USART. The user interface of a PDC channel is integrated in the memory space of each USART. It contains a 32-bit Address Pointer Register (RPR or TPR) and a 16-bit Transfer Counter Register (RCR or TCR). When the programmed number of transfers are performed, a status bit indicating the end of transfer is set in the USART Status Register and an interrupt can be generated.
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System Peripherals
PS: Power-saving The Power-saving feature optimizes power consumption, enabling the software to stop the ARM7TDMI clock (idle mode) and restarting it when the module receives an interrupt (or reset). It also enables on-chip peripheral clocks to be enabled and disabled individually, matching power consumption and application needs. The Advanced Interrupt Controller has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller, and drives the NIRQ and NFIQ pins of the ARM7TDMI from: * The external fast interrupt line (FIQ) * The three external interrupt request lines (IRQ0-IRQ2) * The interrupt signals from the on-chip peripherals The AIC is extensively programmable, offering maximum flexibility, and its vectoring features reduce the real-time overhead in handling interrupts. The AIC also features a spurious vector detection feature, which reduces spurious interrupt handling to a minimum, and a protect mode that facilitates the debug capabilities. PIO: Parallel I/O Controller The AT91F40816 has 32 programmable I/O lines. Six pins are dedicated as general-purpose I/O pins. Other I/O lines are multiplexed with an external signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins. The PIO controller enables generation of an interrupt on input change and insertion of a simple input glitch filter on any of the PIO pins. The Watchdog is built around a 16-bit counter and is used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. It can generate an internal reset or interrupt, or assert an active level on the dedicated pin NWDOVF. All programming registers are password-protected to prevent unintentional programming. The AT91F40816 provides registers that implement the following special functions. * Chip Identification * RESET Status * Protect Mode
AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller
WD: Watchdog
SF: Special Function
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User Peripherals
USART: Universal Synchronous/ Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter The AT91F40816 provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitters. Each USART has its own baud rate generator, and two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels. The data format includes a start bit, up to 8 data bits, an optional programmable parity bit and up to 2 stop bits. The USART also features a Receiver Time-out register, facilitating variable length frame support when it is working with the PDC, and a Time-guard register, used when interfacing with slow remote equipment. TC: Timer Counter The AT91F40816 features a Timer Counter block that includes three identical 16-bit timer counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a wide range of functions, including frequency measurement, event counting, interval measurement, pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation. The Timer Counter can be used in Capture or Waveform mode, and all three counter channels can be started simultaneously and chained together.
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AT91F40816
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AT91F40816
Ordering Information
Table 4. Ordering Information
Ordering Code AT91F40816-33CI Package BGA 120 Temperature Operating Range Industrial (-40C to 85C)
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Packaging Information
Figure 4. 120-ball Ball Grid Array Package Drawing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A B C D TOP VIEW E F G H J K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
K J H G BOTTOM VIEW E D C B A F
+ 1.00 - 0.15 + 15.00 - 0.15 + 17.00 - 0.15
All dimensions in millimeters
0.51 (120) 1.70 Max 0.41 Max
SIDE VIEW
Table 5. Thermal Resistance Data
Symbol JA JC Parameter Junction-toambient thermal resistance Junction-to-case thermal resistance Condition Still Air C/W 120-BGA 11 Package 120-BGA Typ 36.6 Units
Table 6. Device and 120-ball BGA Package Maximum Weight
605 mg
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AT91F40816
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+ 1.00 - 0.15
+ 11.00 - 0.15
+ 9.00 - 0.15
AT91F40816
Soldering Profile
Table 7 gives the recommended soldering profile from J-STD-20. Table 7. Soldering Profile
Convection or IR/Convection Average Ramp-up Rate (183C to Peak) Preheat Temperature 125C 25C Temperature Maintained Above 183C Time within 5C of Actual Peak Temperature Peak Temperature Range Ramp-down Rate Time 25C to Peak Temperature 3C/sec. max. 120 sec. max 60 sec. to 150 sec. 10 sec. to 20 sec. 220 +5/-0C or 235 +5/-0C 6C/sec. 6 min. max 60 sec. 215 to 219C or 235 +5/-0C 10C/sec. VPR 10C/sec.
Small packages may be subject to higher temperatures if they are reflowed in boards with larger components. In this case, small packages may have to withstand temperatures of up to 235C, not 220C (IR reflow). Recommended package reflow conditions depend on package thickness and volume. See Table 8. Table 8. Recommended Package Reflow Conditions (1, 2, 3)
Parameter Convection VPR IR/Convection Notes: Temperature 220 +5/-0C 215 to 219C 220 +5/-0C
1. The packages are qualified by Atmel by using IR reflow conditions, not convection or VPR. 2. By default, the package level 1 is qualified at 220C (unless 235C is stipulated). 3. The body temperature is the most important parameter but other profile parameters such as total exposure time to hot temperature or heating rate may also influence component reliability.
A maximum of three reflow passes is allowed per component.
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Document Details
Title Literature Number AT91F40816 Datasheet 1384
Revision History
Version A Version B Version C Publication Date: Jul-00 Publication Date: Jul-01 Publication Date: 21-Jan-02
Revisions Since Previous Version Page: 4 Page: 10 Page: 18 Page: 19
Change in Table 1 Added information to section Internal Memories Added Table 6 Added section Soldering Profile
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AT91F40816
1384C-ATARM-02/02
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Printed on recycled paper.
1384C-ATARM-02/02 0M

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